Allergy Immunotherapy: How Allergy Shots & Drops Work

What It Is

Allergy immunotherapy gradually desensitizes your immune system to specific allergens by exposing you to increasing doses over time. It is available as allergy shots (subcutaneous) given at a doctor's office or sublingual drops/tablets taken at home. It is the only treatment that modifies the underlying allergic disease.

Who It Helps

Immunotherapy helps people with allergic rhinitis (hay fever), allergic asthma, insect sting allergies, and eczema triggered by allergens. It is recommended when antihistamines and avoidance are insufficient.

What to Expect

Allergy shots: weekly injections for 3-6 months (build-up), then monthly maintenance for 3-5 years. Sublingual: daily tablets/drops at home for 3-5 years. Both approaches gradually reduce allergic reactions. Benefits often persist after treatment ends.

Cost Range

Typical Duration

3-5 years total treatment

Frequently Asked Questions

How effective are allergy shots?

Allergy shots are 85-90% effective at reducing allergy symptoms. Most people experience significant improvement within the first year. Benefits often last for years after completing treatment.

Are sublingual drops as effective as shots?

Sublingual immunotherapy is effective but generally slightly less potent than shots for some allergens. It has the advantage of being taken at home. Effectiveness depends on the specific allergen being treated.

How long until allergy shots work?

Most people notice improvement within 3-6 months. Full benefit may take 12-18 months. The maintenance phase (monthly shots) continues for 3-5 years to achieve lasting results.

Are allergy shots safe?

Allergy shots are safe when given in a medical office. Minor reactions (redness, swelling at injection site) are common. Serious reactions (anaphylaxis) are rare. You wait 30 minutes after each shot for monitoring.

How much does immunotherapy cost?

Allergy shots cost $50-$100 per visit (weekly build-up, then monthly). Testing costs $200-$800. Total 5-year cost is $3,000-$10,000. Most insurance covers immunotherapy. OpenMyPro helps you find affordable allergists.

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