Swollen Joints: Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment Options

What Is Swollen Joints?

Joint swelling occurs when fluid accumulates in or around a joint, causing it to appear larger and feel puffy or tight. Swelling can affect any joint but is most common in the knees, ankles, hands, and feet. It is a key sign of inflammation and can indicate arthritis, injury, or infection.

Common Causes of Swollen Joints

• Osteoarthritis
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Gout
• Injury or trauma
• Bursitis
• Infection (septic arthritis)

When to See a Doctor

See a doctor if joint swelling is severe, affects multiple joints, came on suddenly, or is accompanied by redness, warmth, or fever. Seek urgent care for sudden, severe swelling in a single joint with fever (possible infection).

Warning Signs That Need Immediate Attention

Frequently Asked Questions

What causes joints to swell?

Joint swelling is caused by excess fluid from inflammation. Common causes include arthritis, gout, injury, and infection. The pattern of swelling (one joint vs. many, sudden vs. gradual) helps determine the cause.

Is a swollen joint always arthritis?

No, joint swelling can also be caused by injury, gout, infection, or bursitis. However, persistent swelling in multiple joints is characteristic of inflammatory arthritis. A doctor can distinguish between causes with examination and testing.

How do I reduce joint swelling?

Rest the joint, apply ice for 15-20 minutes several times daily, compress with an elastic bandage, and elevate above heart level. Over-the-counter anti-inflammatories like ibuprofen also help reduce swelling.

When is joint swelling an emergency?

A hot, red, severely swollen joint with fever may indicate septic arthritis (infection), which requires emergency antibiotics. This is most concerning in a single joint that swells rapidly.

How much does joint evaluation cost?

A rheumatologist visit costs $200-$500. Joint fluid analysis costs $100-$300. X-rays cost $100-$400. Blood tests cost $50-$300. OpenMyPro helps you find affordable rheumatology care.

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