Menstrual Cramps: Causes, Relief & When to See a Doctor

What Is Menstrual Cramps?

Menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea) are throbbing or cramping pains in the lower abdomen before and during menstruation. Most women experience cramps at some point, but severe cramps that interfere with daily activities are not normal and may indicate conditions like endometriosis.

Common Causes of Menstrual Cramps

• Normal prostaglandin release during menstruation
• Endometriosis
• Uterine fibroids
• Adenomyosis
• Pelvic inflammatory disease
• Cervical stenosis

When to See a Doctor

See a gynecologist if cramps are severe enough to miss work or school, getting worse over time, accompanied by heavy bleeding, or not relieved by over-the-counter pain medication.

Warning Signs That Need Immediate Attention

Frequently Asked Questions

Are severe menstrual cramps normal?

Mild to moderate cramps are normal, but severe cramps that make you miss activities are not. Severe dysmenorrhea may indicate endometriosis, fibroids, or other conditions. Don't suffer in silence -- effective treatments exist.

What relieves menstrual cramps?

Ibuprofen taken at the first sign of cramping is most effective. Heat pads, exercise, warm baths, and herbal teas also help. For persistent cramps, hormonal birth control can reduce severity significantly.

Can endometriosis cause severe cramps?

Yes, endometriosis is one of the leading causes of severe menstrual cramps. The tissue growing outside the uterus responds to hormonal changes, causing intense pain. A gynecologist can evaluate and treat endometriosis.

When should I see a gynecologist for cramps?

See a gynecologist if cramps interfere with daily life, over-the-counter pain relievers don't help, cramps are getting worse, or if they are accompanied by heavy or irregular bleeding.

How much does a gynecologist visit cost?

A gynecologist visit costs $150-$400. An ultrasound costs $200-$800. Birth control costs $0-$50 monthly with insurance. OpenMyPro helps you find affordable women's health care.

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